The visit of Pope Leo XIV to Spain arrives at a time when the majority of citizens consider that the Catholic Church needs to adapt to societal changes. This is reflected in a survey conducted by 40dB for the Cadena SER and El País, according to which 80% of Spaniards believe the institution should modernize.
The poll paints a picture of a society that maintains ties with religious tradition, but at the same time largely supports more open positions on social issues and calls for changes in the relationship between the Church and citizens.
A more open society than the Church
The survey reflects a clear perception: a large part of the population believes that the Church maintains more conservative positions than Spanish society on issues such as same-sex marriage, abortion, euthanasia, or the use of contraceptives.
Furthermore, more than half of those surveyed reject the continued presence of the Religion subject in classrooms and are also opposed to the Church receiving funding through the IRPF tax allocation.
Among those who advocate for changes in the relationship between Church and State, the most supported option is to move towards a stricter separation between the two institutions.
Social work receives better evaluation
One of the most striking aspects of the study is the difference between the evaluation of Church-affiliated organizations and the perception of the ecclesiastical hierarchy itself.
According to the survey, Cáritas generates broad positive consensus among citizens, regardless of their ideology or level of religiosity. Catholic schools also receive favorable evaluations.
In contrast, the Spanish Episcopal Conference has a much more negative image, suggesting that citizens distinguish between the social work carried out by some Catholic organizations and the actions of the Church's governing bodies.
Pederasty remains a problem for its image
Cases of sexual abuse continue to be one of the main factors damaging the institution's public perception.
43% of those surveyed believe that the Church protected the aggressors instead of the victims, while more than half believe that the cover-up of these cases still exists.
Additionally, 32% point to scandals related to pederasty as one of the main causes of religious decline in Spain.
Francis continues to be the best-rated pope
The survey also asks about recent pontiffs.
- Francis: 37.5%.
- John Paul II: 25.3%.
- Leo XIV: 7.3%.
- Benedict XVI: 4.8%.
Despite this, Leo XIV receives a predominantly positive rating among respondents. According to the poll, 44.5% consider his performance so far to be good or very good.
The survey also comes on the eve of a papal visit that is generating moderate interest. The average level of attention among the population is 4 out of 10, although interest increases among PP voters, followed by PSOE and Vox voters.