According to the study, 81% of respondents consider Trump a threat to global stability, compared to 79.3% who point to Putin and 71.2% who point to Benjamin Netanyahu. Far behind are other leaders such as Kim Jong-un or Xi Jinping, which confirms that concern is concentrated on the United States–Russia–Middle East axis.
A perception very marked by ideology
The view on international leaders varies clearly according to the vote. On the left, Trump appears as the main threat overwhelmingly. For its part, among PP voters, Putin leads the concern, although Trump also obtains very high figures. Only among Vox voters does the negative perception of the American president notably decrease.
This gap is also reproduced with Netanyahu, highly questioned on the left and with less rejection on the right.
Majority rejection of war and bet on diplomatic solutions
The international context has a direct reflection in Spanish public opinion. The survey shows a very clear pattern: 56% reject continuing military offensives until overthrowing regimes. Furthermore, there is broad support for a ceasefire in the Middle East and the majority is in favor of negotiated solutions in conflicts like Venezuela. As a relevant fact, there is sustained support for the maintenance of international aid to Ukraine.
Spain thus appears as a society largely opposed to military escalation.
Almost total division on defense spending
One of the most relevant data of the study is the fracture around the increase in military spending:
- 46.3% in favor
- 45.3% against
The division is practically symmetrical and responds to an ideological logic: the right clearly supports the increase in spending and the left rejects it, although with more nuances in the case of the PSOE.
Structural pessimism: the future is perceived as more violent and unstable
The barometer draws a psychological scenario very marked by uncertainty:
- Close to 70% of Spaniards declare themselves pessimistic about the future.
- Only a minority below 10% believes it will be more prosperous and stable.
- Half see a global-scale war as possible.
- More than 50% believe a democratic involution is probable in the US or the EU.
Furthermore, two out of three anticipate new military interventions by the United States and a possible global economic crisis derived from the conflict in the Middle East.
NATO, European army and Spain's role: partial consensus
In international politics, consensus is greater on some key points: more than two-thirds support remaining in NATO and more than 50% back the creation of a European army. In general, broad agreement on defending sovereignty and international law.
However, there is majority rejection of sending troops to conflicts, prioritizing alignment with the United States, and militarily supporting offensives in the Middle East
A more informed but also more restless society
The study confirms that international politics has gained weight in citizen interest:
- Two out of three Spaniards follow global news.
- Greater following among men and older people.
- Generational gap of almost 20 points in the consumption of international information.
In parallel, the feeling of vulnerability grows: half of the population states that they would be willing to take personal risks to defend democracy in Spain