Fresh berries (strawberries, wild strawberries, raspberries, blueberries, blackberries and currants), vegetables intended for fruit production (tomatoes of all kinds, cucumber, zucchini, pumpkin, eggplant, pepper or sweet corn, among others) and green legumes (beans and peas, broad beans, tirabeques, soybeans, fresh pochas and alfalfa sprouts) are among the foods that have increased their cost the most in Spain over the last twelve months (from October 2025 to October 2026), with price rises above two digits.
In detail, based on the latest CPI data for October released by the National Statistics Institute (INE) and consulted by Europa Press, fresh berries have become 54.2% more expensive over the past year, while vegetables grown for their fruit show an increase of 20.8%, and green legumes, fresh or refrigerated, are now 14.5% more costly than in October 2025.
Also highlighted, with two-digit increases, is the evolution of the prices of tropical fruits --avocados, plantains, bananas, pineapples, mangoes, papayas, cherimoyas, dates and figs--, which have become 12.9% more expensive; of leafy or stem vegetables --lettuce, endive, escarole, cogollos, canons, artichokes, chard, cauliflower or spinach--, with a rise of 11.1%, and of other fresh fruits --melons, watermelons, kiwis, grapes, pomegranates, persimmons--, which are today 10.7% more expensive than a year ago.
On the other hand, eggs accumulate a 7.1% increase over the last twelve months, while potatoes and dried, salted, in brine or smoked fish show increases of more than 6%.
Thus, this is reflected in the latest records of the different CPI subclasses, which have experienced some variations since January of this year due to the methodological changes applied to this indicator.
In the opposite direction, among the foods that have reduced their price the most over the last year, coffee and its substitutes stand out (-4.5%); chocolate, cocoa and derivatives (-4.4%); cane and beet sugar (-4.3%), and cereals (-3.8%).
If we look at the trend from January to October, the products that have become more expensive the most are fresh berries, which have sharply increased their cost by 59.1%, followed by green legumes (+19.7%); fresh citrus fruits (oranges, lemons, limes, mandarins, grapefruits and derivatives), with an increase of 15.8%, and vegetables grown for their fruit (+14.2%).
In turn, the foods that have most lowered their prices in the first ten months of the year are vegetable oils (-4.2%), cane sugar and beet sugar (-4.1%), cereals (-3.6%), and chocolate, cocoa, and food products based on cocoa (-3.5%).
Fresh citrus fruits rise by more than 22% in a month
In monthly terms, green, fresh or refrigerated legumes were the foods that most reduced their price in October compared with September, with a drop of 2.1%.
Next come vegetable oils (-1.3%); stone fruits and pome fruits (peaches, nectarines, apricots, cherries, plums, plateros, apples, and pears), which fell by 1.1%, and grape wine (-1%).
On the side of increases, the products that most raised their prices in October compared with the preceding month were fresh citrus fruits (+22.5%); tropical fruits, dates, and figs (+15.9%); other fresh fruits (+15.6%) and fresh berries (+6.2%).
Changes in the IPC shopping basket
In January of this year, the INE updated the CPI with base 2025. The main novelty of this base is the adoption of the new consumption classification, so the index goes from 12 to 13 major groups.
In addition, with the new base the composition of the shopping basket has been reviewed, the weightings have been readjusted, and several methodological improvements have been incorporated.
Thus, products such as avocados and blueberries, in food; tea soft drinks and beer with lemon, in beverages, and X-rays in medical services have become part of the CPI, while others considered obsolete, such as the necktie and the handkerchief, are left out.
The CPI base 2025 also introduces improvements in the price collection and recording system. Until now, when a relevant change in the characteristics of a product was detected during data collection, the adjustment was included in the calculation of the index one month later.
With the new procedure, and thanks to the already widespread use of electronic devices for collecting prices, these adjustments are integrated in the same month in which the modification occurs.
At the same time, the INE continues advancing in automated information collection methods, by making use of companies’ databases (scanner data), automated data capture on the Internet (web scraping), and the use of computer systems in the collection of prices in establishments, which will continue to be incorporated into the calculation of the CPI throughout this new basis.