The National Police detains a dozen members of Núcleo Nacional in an operation in eight provinces

The Amnesty Law has already completed its parliamentary processing: it is not pending approval in the Congress or the Senate. It became Organic Law 1/2024, of June 10, on amnesty for institutional, political, and social normalization in Catalonia, published in the BOE of June 11, 2024. Therefore, it is important to distinguish between its approval, which is already concluded, and the subsequent judicial controversies regarding its constitutionality and application.

How it progressed through the Congress

The initiative was processed as an organic law proposal presented by the Socialist Parliamentary Group, not as a government bill. Its journey through the Chamber began with these milestones:

• November 2023: the admission for processing and the initial publication are recorded on November 24. The initial published text opened the parliamentary path of the proposal.
• December 12, 2023: the Plenary agreed to take it into consideration, that is, accepted that the proposal begin processing. The agreement was published on December 18.
• January 2024: replacement proposals of the text and modifications to specific articles were published. Afterwards, the report of the committee — the group of deputies responsible for studying the text — was published on January 29 and the committee's opinion on January 30.
• March 2024: after a new phase of work in the Justice Committee, the text returned to the Plenary. The approval of this phase and its sending to the Senate were recorded in the publication of March 18.

What happened in the Senate

The Senate admitted the proposal on March 20, 2024. During this second phase, a period was opened to submit amendments and veto proposals, extended until April 9. The committee report was published on May 8 and the committee's opinion on May 13.

The result was the return of the text to the Congress with a Senate veto, whose transmission was published on May 16. The Congress published that veto on May 21. That rejection did not by itself end the initiative: the text returned to the originating Chamber for its final decision.

When the procedure was closed

The Congress held the final debate on May 30, 2024. The definitively approved text was published on June 6. Afterwards, it was published as an organic law in the BOE on June 11. This completed the parliamentary sequence.

What its current status means

The reference to the protests in which Núcleo Nacional participated does not change that legal status: the norm against which the protests were made is no longer a pending proposal. It also does not require another reading by the Senate nor a new approval by the Congress to conclude that procedure.

Subsequently, decisions by the Constitutional Court were made, including rulings 137/2025, of June 26, and 164/2025, of October 8, with declarations of unconstitutionality on certain points. Those rulings belong to the judicial review of an already approved law; they do not mean that its parliamentary processing remains open.

The General Commissariat of Information of the National Police is assigned the obtaining and processing of information of interest for public order and security, as well as its operational use, especially in counterterrorism matters. This competence covers both the national and international scope. Its specific regulation is found in the structural norms of the Ministry of the Interior and the Directorate General of Police, within the general framework of police action.

1. Main attribution and scope

Article 3.3.a) of Royal Decree 207/2024, of February 27, which develops the basic organic structure of the Ministry of the Interior, literally assigns it:

"The capture, reception, processing, and development of information of interest for public order and security within the functions of the Directorate General, as well as its operational exploitation or use, especially in counterterrorism matters, both nationally and internationally."

This formulation allows distinguishing three functions:

• Obtaining information: capturing and receiving relevant information for police functions related to public order and security.
• Processing and developing that information: working on it to turn it into useful knowledge for police action.
• Operationally exploiting it: using it in police operations, with special attention to the fight against terrorism.

The expression "especially" means that terrorism is a highlighted area, but does not exhaust its competence. However, the provision does not assign it a general and unlimited competence over any information: it explicitly links it to the functions of the Directorate General of Police. The publication of the royal decree can be consulted in the BOE of February 28.

2. Dependency and institutional position

According to article 3.3 of the same royal decree, the General Commissariat of Information has organic level of deputy general directorate and depends on the Deputy Operational Directorate. The latter directs, promotes, and coordinates operational police functions according to the guidelines of the Directorate General of Police.

Its international dimension should be understood within that organization. Article 3.1.e) assigns to the Directorate General the liaison and coordination with national and foreign intelligence bodies. Meanwhile, the management of INTERPOL, EUROPOL, and SIRENE corresponds to the International Cooperation Division: this should not be confused with an exclusive attribution of the Information Commissariat.

3. Organizational development and reservation

The Order INT/859/2023, of July 21, develops the structure and functions of the central and territorial services of the Directorate General of Police. For Information, it refers the determination of its units and services to the corresponding communicated order, according to the agreements of the Council of Ministers of November 28, 1986, February 16, 1996, and June 6, 2014, and to the legislation on official secrets.

Therefore, the cited public regulation does not offer a complete breakdown of its units nor allows assigning detailed functions by analogy with other general commissariats.

4. Limits of action

The Organic Law 2/1986, on Security Forces and Corps, establishes in its article 5 the principles that also bind this Commissariat: respect for the Constitution and the legal system, political neutrality, impartiality, absence of discrimination by religion or opinion, collaboration with justice, and proportionality in the use of means.

In short, its function is informative and operational in the service of public security, with counterterrorism specialization; that attribution does not eliminate legal guarantees nor turn political or religious opinions, by themselves, into a legitimate object of police action.

The main names linked to the leadership of Núcleo Nacional are Iván Rico Olivares, Enrique Lemus, and Isabel Peralta, although their functions are not equivalent: Rico appears as spokesperson and operational leader; Lemus as president of Noviembre Nacional, the party related to the movement; and Peralta as leader and public face. To understand their backgrounds, it is useful to distinguish prior political militancy, participation in the organization's environment, and accredited criminal responsibilities.

Origin and configuration of the movement

Núcleo Nacional grew in the context of the November 2023 protests in front of the PSOE headquarters in Ferraz, against the amnesty. Its public presentation as an organization took place in 2024 and that year it was registered as an association. Later, in February 2026, Noviembre Nacional appeared as a party linked to that environment. The relationship between both names does not automatically attribute the party's positions to the association, whose full leadership is not publicly clearly known. Information about its registration.

Iván Rico Olivares: spokesperson and operational leadership

Iván Rico Olivares is identified as the main spokesperson and de facto leader of Núcleo Nacional. His political projection is linked to the Ferraz mobilizations and the group's communication through videos and social media. For a time, he hid his face; in 2026 he began to appear publicly. Some reports also place his brother David among the central figures. Leadership profile.

There is no record in the consulted sources that Iván has held public office or formal militancy in another party. The press notes that the brothers are sons of Enrique Rico Pérez, former PP councilor in Valdeolmos-Alalpardo: this is a family background, not proof of their own militancy nor of an organic link between the PP and Núcleo Nacional. Brothers' environment.

Enrique Lemus: continuity with Democracia Nacional

Lemus brings a previous trajectory in political organizations: he was a leader of Democracia Nacional and appears as president of Noviembre Nacional, registered on February 10, 2026. His role represents the connection between the new movement and veteran militants of that formation. The known presidency corresponds to Noviembre Nacional, not to an accredited statutory position of Núcleo Nacional. Trajectory and presidency.

Isabel Peralta: Falangist militancy and Bastión Frontal

Isabel Medina Peralta presents a more documented militant trajectory than the young spokespersons. She was in FE-La Falange, led its female section, and participated in the Spanish University Union. She also helped found Bastión Frontal in 2020, an organization she left in 2022. Later, she appears linked to Núcleo Nacional as a public figure, without recorded elected institutional positions. Political profile of Peralta.

On the judicial level, the consulted information records a conviction for a hate crime. It does not sufficiently specify here its firmness nor all its terms, so it is not appropriate to add specific penalties. It is important not to confuse that individual background with investigations about the entire movement. Information about her background.

Other figures and cautions

Among visible supporters are Pedro Jesús Espada, councilor of Velilla de San Antonio previously linked to Hacer Nación, and Alberto Pugilato, singer and activist described by the press as neo-Nazi. Their presence in that environment does not by itself prove a formal leadership position. Political environment of the group.

Finally, in April 2025 the Civil Guard sent a report to the Prosecutor's Office and the courts of Valladolid for possible hate crimes related to messages from the group. An investigation does not equate to a conviction nor does it allow attributing individual responsibility to all its leaders. Civil Guard action.