Moreno accuses Sánchez of leaving Andalusia without rail investments for eight years

As of November 7, 2026, the railway modernization of Andalusia is mainly in a phase of parliamentary promotion and oversight, through motions, non-legislative proposals, and requests for appearances. No comprehensive Andalusian railway modernization law has been found in processing. It is important to distinguish these initiatives from technical projects and works: approving a parliamentary request does not equate to authorizing or financing its execution.

Parliament of Andalusia: approved and ongoing initiatives

• Corridors, Algeciras-Bobadilla and Almería. The non-legislative proposal 13-26/PNLP-000030, from the Popular Group, has already been approved; its approval was published on November 6. The submitted text demanded an annualized and budgeted schedule, completion of the modernization and electrification of Algeciras-Bobadilla, completion of Almería connections, and improvement of commuter trains and port accesses. It is a political promotion initiative, not a bill (BOPA, submitted text).
• Railway infrastructures of Cádiz. The PNL 13-26/PNLC-000030, from Vox, is still under processing before the Commission of Development and Mobility. It was admitted on September 30 and on October 21 total amendments were published. It requests electrification, renewal, and sidings for freight on Algeciras-Bobadilla, high-performance studies, and adaptation of Sevilla-Cádiz. Its approval is not recorded in the consulted sources (BOPA, latest actions).
• Appearances on railway improvements. Requests from the PP, 13-26/APP-000522, and PSOE, 13-26/APP-000749, to report before the Plenary, as well as from Vox, 13-26/APC-000429, before the commission, have been admitted. The admissions correspond, respectively, to October 14 and 21 and September 30; their holding is not recorded (PP request; PSOE request; Vox request).
• Service control and planning. Ernesto Alba's question, from Por Andalucía, 13-26/PE-000113, about Almería-Madrid connections has already been answered: the response was published on November 5. Socialist questions about the execution of PITMA 2030, 13-26/POP-000066 and 000185, lapsed on September 25 and October 8 (Almería-Madrid; first PITMA question; second PITMA question).

Congress and Senate: promotion agreements already adopted

The Congress approved on April 15, 2026 eight points of a PP motion about connections with the south. They include revitalizing commuter and medium-distance trains, strengthening Cádiz-Sevilla-Córdoba-Jaén, improving Málaga and Sevilla offerings, and accelerating the Mediterranean and Central Atlantic corridors. It is an agreement already adopted, not a law pending approval (Congress, April 15).

In the Senate, the Transport Commission approved on June 9, 2025 a socialist motion to accelerate the Sevilla-Huelva high-speed line, by 26 votes and two abstentions. On September 22, 2026, it approved promoting the Cercanías-line 3 metro interchange in Sevilla at El Higuerón, by 27 votes and two abstentions, and improving Granada connections, by 18 votes and eleven abstentions (Senate, Sevilla-Huelva; Senate, September).

What this means for the projects

The practical conclusion is that there are parliamentary agreements, but not a joint legislative approval of the works. Sevilla-Huelva continues with projects in drafting; Antequera-Granada-Almería combines studies and differentiated actions; and Sevilla commuter trains have capacity studies. Their progress depends on planning, environmental assessment, financing, and contracting, not on turning each action into a law. The most concrete ongoing parliamentary processing identified is concentrated in Cádiz and in the cited regional appearances.

The President of the Junta de Andalucía exercises functions of government leadership, administrative coordination, and institutional representation. Its main regulation is in article 117 of the Statute of Autonomy, approved by Organic Law 2/2007, of March 19, although other articles add powers regarding laws, parliamentary relations, and elections.

1. Government leadership and administrative coordination

Article 117.1 establishes that the president "directs and coordinates the activity of the Council of Government" and "coordinates the Administration of the Autonomous Community." This places the Presidency at the head of governmental action but does not convert all Executive competencies into individual presidential faculties.

• Designates and removes councilors, according to article 117.1.
• Distributes executive functions among the members of the Council of Government once elected and appointed, according to article 118.4.
• May temporarily delegate own executive functions to one of the vice presidents or councilors, in accordance with article 117.2.

The distinction matters: article 119 attributes to the Council of Government, as a collegiate body, the political leadership of the Community, the direction of the Administration, and executive and administrative functions.

2. Representation of Andalusia and the State

Article 117.1 attributes a dual representation: it holds the supreme representation of the Autonomous Community and the ordinary representation of the State in Andalusia. These are two distinct institutional positions that the Statute combines in the same person, along with their leadership and coordination functions of the Executive.

3. Promulgation and publication of laws

According to article 116, the president promulgates Andalusian laws in the name of the King and orders their publication in the Official Gazette of the Junta de Andalucía within fifteen days following their approval, as well as in the Official State Gazette. For their validity, the date of publication in the regional gazette applies.

This function should not be confused with approving laws: legislative power corresponds to the Parliament of Andalusia.

4. Relations with Parliament

• Vote of confidence: article 125 allows the president, after deliberation of the Council of Government, to ask Parliament to confirm its support for his program or a general policy declaration. It is obtained by simple majority; if denied, he must resign.
• Extraordinary sessions: article 103.3 allows him to request their holding. The convocation corresponds to the president of Parliament, after approval of the Permanent Deputation.

These faculties are accompanied by political responsibility before Parliament, expressly provided in article 117.3. Also, if a motion of censure succeeds, he must resign according to article 126.

5. Parliamentary dissolution and elections

Article 127 allows him to decree the dissolution of Parliament, after deliberation of the Council of Government and under his exclusive responsibility. The decree must set the election date. He cannot do so while a motion of censure is pending nor, as a general rule, before one year has passed since the previous dissolution.

There is an exception: if two months pass from the first investiture vote without any candidate obtaining the required majority, Parliament is automatically dissolved and the acting president calls new elections, according to article 118.3.

6. Popular consultations and jurisdictional conflicts

Article 117.4 allows him to propose popular consultations, on his own initiative or at citizens' request, on matters of general interest in regional or local matters, respecting article 78 and state legislation. Additionally, article 119.5 establishes that the Council of Government may raise jurisdictional conflicts to judges and courts through its president.

Source: Statute of Autonomy for Andalusia.

The Junta de Andalucía can execute investments in strategic infrastructures in Córdoba when it has competence or legal authorization, budgetary financing, available land, and the required approvals, and respects public procurement rules. Considering an action strategic does not allow omitting these requirements. What matters is the type of infrastructure and its ownership, not only its location in the province.

1. Competence to act

First, it must be identified which Administration can approve, finance, and execute the work. The Statute of Autonomy regulates Andalusian competencies over public works, transport, energy, water, and territorial planning, within the constitutional distribution.

If the action corresponds to the State, the Junta cannot unilaterally replace it. Its participation must be articulated through the corresponding cooperation instrument or legal authorization, delimiting responsibilities and financing. Financing infrastructure does not equate to acquiring competence to execute it.

2. Credit and expenditure authorization

The investment requires adequate and sufficient credit, destined to the authorized purpose, and expenditure approval by the competent body. The Legislative Decree 1/2010, which approves the consolidated text of the Andalusian Public Finance Law, requires territorial classification of investment expenses and regulates multi-year commitments.

If the works span several fiscal years, their limits and authorizations must be respected: commitments are subordinated to the credit authorized in each budget. The Organic Law 2/2012 on budgetary stability and financial sustainability also applies. A political announcement or forecast of external financing does not replace these administrative decisions.

3. Project, territorial planning, and land

The public need, location, alternatives, and cost must be justified, and the technical project approved when applicable. The action must comply with applicable territorial and urban planning, using specific procedures provided for public infrastructures.

Additionally, legal availability of land must be accredited through acquisition, transfer, use of public assets, or expropriation. The latter requires processing guarantees for affected parties and compensation according to the legal procedure.

4. Environmental assessment and sectoral permits

The Law 21/2013 on environmental assessment distinguishes the evaluation of plans and programs from project evaluation. Its requirement and modality depend on the characteristics and effects of each action; not every investment requires the same procedure.

When mandatory, they must be completed before the corresponding approval or authorization and their conditions incorporated. Permits on water, historical and archaeological heritage, forests, livestock routes, or protected areas may also be needed, as well as public information and consultations with affected administrations.

5. Contracting and control

The Law 9/2017 on Public Sector Contracts requires justifying the need for the contract, preparing the file and specifications, and applying the corresponding award procedure with publicity, equality, transparency, and competition. During execution, modifications, quality of works, and payments must be controlled. Public-private collaboration does not eliminate these guarantees.

6. What the strategic consideration contributes

It is important to distinguish a priority public infrastructure from a business investment declared of strategic interest. The Decree-law 4/2019 regulates this second figure: it generally requires a minimum private investment of 25 million euros and 50 direct jobs, although justified exceptions are contemplated. These thresholds are not general requirements for all public works.

A Córdoba example of cooperation is the addendum on the Logistics Base, published on October 26, 2026: it foresees up to 100 million euros of regional contribution through a nominative subsidy to the State, specified by a specific agreement and subject to justification.