Provincial power map | General elections survey: the PP would be the first force in 24, the PSOE in two and Vox threatens the socialists in 19, according to Sigma Dos

As of August 2026, there is no “major single reform” of Organic Law 5/1985, of June 19, on the General Electoral Regime (LOREG) in advanced processing, but rather a set of partial reforms at different stages of the procedure. Some have already been completed and are in force, while others are in initial phases (amendments or even before consideration).

1. Reform already approved: Formentera's own constituency

The most relevant completed reform is the one adapting the LOREG to the recent modification of article 69.3 of the Constitution so that Formentera has its own senator.

• The Congress approved the organic law proposal and sent it to the Senate, according to the official note: Congress press release (06/18/2026) .
• The Senate definitively approved it on June 24, 2026, with 252 votes in favor and 5 abstentions, as recorded in its note “SENATE OF SPAIN”: Senate note (06/24/2026) .
• The reform has already been sanctioned and published in the Official State Gazette (BOE), and according to the press, it begins to be applied from early July 2026, so that in the next general elections each of the islands, Ibiza and Formentera, will elect a senator separately.

This piece of the electoral reform can therefore be considered parliamentary processing completed and in force.

2. Government bill on debates and polls

At the same time, the Government is promoting a Bill to amend the LOREG focused on:

• Making at least one electoral debate mandatory on public media in each campaign.
• Imposing the dissemination of microdata from electoral polls to enhance transparency.

According to the parliamentary database, this bill is listed as:

• “Organic Bill amending Organic Law 5/1985…”, Government initiative, with number 121/000063 in the Congress of Deputies.
• Its current status is opening of the period for amendments to the articles, which has been successively extended “until 2026-09-02”. That is, the Chamber is still in the phase of collecting amendments, prior to the establishment of a committee and report.

In summary, this line of electoral reform is formally in processing, but still in a relatively early phase in the Congress.

3. Bills on causes of ineligibility

There is also an important initiative from the Senate that also modifies the LOREG:

• Organic Bill amending the LOREG regarding causes of ineligibility, promoted by the Popular Group in the Senate, with identifiers (15)622/000048 in the Senate and 124/000028 in the Congress.
• The Senate took the bill into consideration and sent it to the Congress, where the Board agreed to commission a report to the Constitutional Committee and open the period for amendments. That period has also been extended “until 2026-09-02”.

This reform, focused on tightening the causes of ineligibility (particularly regarding terrorism-related crimes), is therefore in processing in the Congress, in the same amendment phase as the government bill on debates and polls.

4. Other initiatives on the LOREG

There are other organic bills affecting the LOREG, but with more limited scope:

• Organic Bill by VOX to explicitly include justice fugitives as ineligible (No. 122/000065), admitted for processing but still pending consideration in Plenary.
• VOX bill to have postal votes deposited and counted in separate ballot boxes, which was rejected in the vote on consideration on June 23, 2026, so that specific reform path has been closed.
• Debates, still without normative translation, on incorporating into the LOREG the minimum threshold of 2 %–5 % required by the 2018 European electoral reform for European Parliament elections; Spain has yet to adapt its legislation, so there is no advanced parliamentary processing here yet.

5. Overall assessment

Overall, the “reform of the General Electoral Law” is currently in a mixed situation:

• A partial reform already approved and in force (Formentera constituency).
• Two major ongoing files in the Congress (government bill on debates and polls, and PP bill on ineligibilities), both in amendment phase.
• Other specific bills (postal vote, fugitives, etc.) in various states, some already rejected.

Therefore, there is no closed comprehensive reform of the entire electoral system, but there is a significant block of partial modifications at different stages of the legislative procedure.

The information consulted indicates that the Popular Party (PP) approved at its XXI National Congress (July 2025) new “consensus” Statutes that strengthen transparency, member participation, and internal control, but does not reproduce the specific articles on the National President. That is, the accessible texts do not provide the literal detail of the articles listing their competencies.

With this caution, and based on what the official PP sources say and the organizational context described by Demócrata, a reasonable synthesis can be made of the major blocks of functions that the Statutes effectively assign to the national president of the party. For an exhaustive and literal list of competencies, it is essential to consult the full text of the newly approved Statutes.

1. Political and strategic leadership of the party

The documents from the XXI Congress and official PP news show the president as the highest political leader of the organization:

• Sets the general political line of the party and the future project submitted to the National Congress, where their leadership is reaffirmed.
• Presents and defends the leadership team (Management Committee, general secretariat, deputy secretariats) that delegates then vote on, as seen with the changes announced at the XXI Congress.
• Heads the political program emanating from the Political Report and translates it into electoral and opposition or government strategy.

2. Institutional and external representation

Various informational pieces describe the president as the main visible face of the PP:

• Is the representative of the PP before other political forces, state institutions, civil society organizations, and the general public.
• According to an analysis of the party’s “international wing,” the presidency assumes the competencies in foreign affairs of the PP, recovering a model in which the president directly manages the party’s international agenda.
• Leads relations with the European family of the PP (European People’s Party) and with international allies, something reiterated in reports on the party’s external activity.

3. Coordination of the organization and territories

The new Statutes approved in 2025 strengthen the PP’s internal architecture with new councils and coordination committees (Council of Regional Presidents, Committee of Mayors of Large Cities, coordination committee of Provincial Councils, Island Councils, etc.). In this design:

• The national president is at the top of this territorial coordination network, presiding over or promoting bodies that bring together regional presidents, major mayors, and provincial leaders.
• Is the main responsible for aligning the state strategy with that of regional and local leaderships, especially on priority issues (water, education, health, regional financing, etc.), as highlighted in the PP’s own notes.

4. Promotion and supervision of internal life and the ethical code

The 2025 Statutes present themselves as a text that strengthens “exemplarity, transparency, internal control, and member participation.” From there, the president:

• Shares with the general secretariat and other bodies the responsibility that the party functions as an “organized, well-oiled organism that serves society”, according to the report itself.
• Must ensure, at the top of the organization, compliance with the Code of Ethics and Conduct and the operation of the new Compliance Office that the Statutes create to guarantee that “whoever does it, pays for it.”
• Is politically accountable before the Congress and leadership bodies for the selection of cadres, alliance policy, and management of internal crises.

5. Relationship with members and internal democracy

The Statutes report insists on “putting members at the center,” simplifying the internal election system and strengthening accountability:

• The president is the main guarantor that the internal democracy rules (primaries, role of delegates, presentation of candidacies) are applied according to what the Congress approved.
• Assumes a central role in accountability to the membership: explaining their management, justifying the composition of bodies, and responding to internal criticism.
• Leads the opening of participation and listening channels toward members and citizens, one of the express objectives of the new Statutes.

In summary, although the consulted texts do not include the literal list of articles, the current Statutes position the PP president as the highest political, organizational, and representative authority of the party, with a reinforced role in internal ethics, territorial coordination, international agenda, and relationship with the membership.

The last general election held in Spain was the election to the Congress of Deputies on July 23, 2023 (23J). In that event:

• PSOE: obtained 31.7 % of the votes (about 7,821,718 votes) and 121 seats.
• Vox: achieved 12.4 % of the votes and 33 seats.

These national figures are recorded, for example, in various post-election polling analyses that compare surveys with the actual 23J result and take these data as reference: it is repeatedly noted that PSOE started from 31.7 % and 121 deputies, while Vox started from 12.4 % and 33 deputies.

Limitations regarding provincial data

Your question requests the breakdown “at the provincial level”, that is, for each of the 52 constituencies (the 50 provinces plus Ceuta and Melilla) how many votes and seats PSOE and Vox obtained, and a comparative table.

In the research conducted, the following were consulted:

• Electoral analysis and polling articles published by the newspaper Demócrata in 2025 and 2026, which compare their estimates with the 23J results (recalling the national data of PSOE and Vox).
• Reports using 23J as a basis for future territorial projections (for example, on how the vote could be redistributed by provinces in new scenarios).
• Recent official documentation on other processes (such as the 2024 European elections), which do include detailed provincial breakdowns, but not for 23J.

However, in this set of sources, there is no already prepared table with the provincial breakdown of PSOE and Vox in the 2023 general elections, nor a list of votes and seats by constituency specifically for these two parties.

Since I must strictly adhere to the information contained in the consulted sources and cannot reconstruct from memory or approximate official figures, it is not possible to provide you with a province-by-province table with votes and seats of PSOE and Vox based on these documents.

What can be stated with certainty

Based on the information available in the consulted sources, only the following general comparisons can be clearly established:

• In the whole of Spain, PSOE obtained in 2023:
  • Support around 31.7 % of the vote.
  • 121 seats, positioning as the second force in the Congress.
• Vox, in the same process:
  • Achieved around 12.4 % of the vote.
  • Obtained 33 seats, as the third state force in number of deputies.
• In later analyses (2025–2026 surveys) it is emphasized that Vox, in most scenarios, continues to start from those 33 seats and 12.4 % of 2023 as a reference result, while PSOE starts from 121 seats and more than 31 % of the vote.

Where to find the complete provincial breakdown

Although the reviewed sources do not include the province-by-province detail, that level of information does exist officially. To obtain exactly what you ask for (a comparative table by province of votes and seats of PSOE and Vox in the last general elections), the safest way is to go to:

• Official electoral results website of the Ministry of the Interior, where data by constituency of each general election are published (votes by party, seats, turnout, etc.).
• The statistical reports that the Interior Ministry publishes after each election, which include detailed tables by province and aggregated by party.

From those files, it is possible to build the table you request, comparing for each constituency:

• Votes obtained by PSOE and seats assigned.
• Votes obtained by Vox and seats assigned.
• The relationship between both (vote difference, who was first, second, or third force in the province, etc.).

Summary

In summary, the last general elections are those of 23J 2023. We know precisely, from the consulted sources, that PSOE obtained 31.7 % and 121 deputies and that Vox got 12.4 % and 33 deputies nationwide. However, the analyzed sources do not provide the provincial breakdown of those results for each of the two parties, so it is not possible to reproduce here a province-by-province table without directly accessing the official data from the Ministry of the Interior.