The bank delinquency in Spain decreased again in June 2026. Credit institutions and financial establishments accumulated 31.697 billion euros in loans classified as doubtful, compared to the 31.969 billion recorded a month earlier, according to data published this Tuesday by the Bank of Spain.
At the same time, the total volume of credit increased from 1.235 trillion euros in May to 1.247 trillion in June. The combination of fewer problematic loans and more financing granted caused the ratio of doubtful credits to decrease from 2.59% to 2.54% of the total, five hundredths less in just one month.
The figure allows us to observe whether repayment problems within the financial system are increasing or decreasing, but it must be interpreted correctly. 31.697 billion euros in doubtful loans do not equate to 31.697 billion in unpaid debt nor do they allow us to know how many families or companies are facing difficulties: the Bank of Spain measures the balance of operations that present reasonable doubts about their reimbursement and the same person or entity can accumulate more than one loan.
Doubtful credits decrease by 272 million in one month
Between May and June, the volume of financing classified as doubtful decreased by 272 million euros, around 0.9%. The evolution is more significant when compared to June 2025, when the balance reached 36.291 billion. In twelve months, therefore, doubtful credits have reduced by approximately 4.594 billion euros.
The improvement occurs while financing increases. Total credit rose from 1.220 trillion in June 2025 to the current 1.247 trillion, an advance of over 26 billion in a year. The ratio of doubtful loans has thus been able to fall through two simultaneous avenues: the numerator decreases and the total volume on which it is calculated increases.
The result is a reduction in the rate from 2.97% in June 2025 to the current 2.54%, 43 hundredths less in a year. The evolution keeps bank delinquency far from the levels reached after the financial crisis, when the proportion of problematic loans was several times higher.
What it really means for a credit to be doubtful
The concept is broader than that of a simple unpaid receipt. The methodology used by the Bank of Spain considers doubtful those operations for which there are reasonable doubts about whether the principal and interest can be fully recovered under the agreed conditions.
Within this category are the overdue credits, that is, those that accumulate overdue amounts of principal, interest, or expenses with an age of more than three months. But the doubtful category can also encompass operations whose deterioration makes their recovery questionable even though the reading of the problem cannot be reduced solely to counting pending installments.
That is why the ratio of 2.54% fundamentally functions as an indicator of the credit quality of the entities. The higher the percentage, the greater the part of their portfolio that presents problems; the lower it is, the lesser the weight of that deteriorated financing on the whole.
Families and companies: the Bank of Spain offers another breakdown
The monthly statistic published this Tuesday offers the aggregated data, while the Bank of Spain uses quarterly information to separate the credit granted to households for housing, consumption, and other purposes and business financing according to the main economic activity of the company.
In the first quarter of 2026, households accumulated about 14.588 million euros in doubtful credits, within a total financing of approximately 667.114 million. Of that problematic volume, about 8.391 million were related to the acquisition and rehabilitation of housing and 4.543 million with consumer financing.
The productive activities accumulated 17.725 million euros of doubtful credit by the end of the first quarter, on financing of 563.784 million. The Bank of Spain also breaks down this portfolio among agriculture, industry, construction, and the different branches of services.
Housing and consumption do not present exactly the same risk
The recent evolution has also not been identical for all financing modalities of households. The Bank of Spain pointed out in its Spring Financial Stability Report that during 2025 the balance of doubtful loans of households decreased by 16.7%, showing a general improvement in their credit quality.
However, within that photograph, different behaviors were observed. The supervisor detected an increase in the doubtful associated with consumption, while financing for housing included in special surveillance also grew, a classification that does not yet equate to delinquency but indicates that the risk of the operation has increased significantly.
This distinction is relevant because it allows for the detection of problems before reaching default. A mortgage may be up to date with payments and, however, have experienced a deterioration sufficiently relevant for the entity to increase its monitoring and provisions.
Doubtful loans from companies and self-employed also decreased
The improvement observed during 2025 also reached productive activities. The Bank of Spain confirmed that doubtful loans from companies and individual entrepreneurs decreased by 14.6% year-on-year, with widespread reductions among the different economic sectors.
The behavior of corporate delinquency is related both to the ability of companies to meet their payments and to the economic context, financing costs, and their profitability. An increase in interest rates can raise financial burdens, while an improvement in income and profits facilitates debt servicing.
That is why the supervisor analyzes not only the loans that are already doubtful but also the financing included in special surveillance and other indicators of vulnerability. Delinquency constitutes the most visible part of credit deterioration, but it is not the only reference used to assess the solvency of households and companies.
Families and companies have more debt in euros, but it weighs less on the economy
The reduction of delinquency coexists with an increase in debt in absolute terms. Households accumulated 728 billion euros of debt in the first quarter of 2026, compared to 700 billion a year earlier. Companies reached approximately 1.07 trillion, compared to 1.049 trillion in March 2025.
However, the growth of the economy has reduced the weight of those obligations on GDP. Household debt stood at 42.5% of GDP, its lowest level since the end of 1999, and that of companies at 62.5%, the lowest since the third quarter of 2001.
The combination of lower delinquency ratio and lower relative indebtedness paints, therefore, a more favorable aggregated situation than that of previous periods of financial tension. This does not mean that there are no families or companies with difficulties, but rather that the problematic volume currently represents a smaller proportion of the total credit of the system.
31.697 million in problems, but not 31.697 million definitely lost
Another common mistake is to interpret all doubtful credits as money that banks already consider lost. This is not the case. The classification reflects a significant increase in the risk of recovery, but part of those operations may be regularized, renegotiated, or ultimately recovered.
Precisely because of that risk, entities must establish provisions and account for the corresponding impairment. The Bank of Spain updates along with the total and doubtful credit data the provisions intended to cover possible losses.
The snapshot of June is, in any case, favorable: the problematic credit decreases to 31.697 million, the total financed volume increases, and the ratio of doubtful loans falls to 2.54%. The statistics do not allow counting how many families or companies are struggling to pay, but they do show that the aggregated weight of loans with problems continues to decrease.
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