Where does the 'We are all caballas' shirt that Vinicius and Mbappé tried to hide come from

In the XV Legislature, several initiatives have been registered in the Congress with the explicit aim of supporting Ceuta (often together with Melilla), especially in the economic-fiscal sphere and in the management of the migration phenomenon. Their parliamentary status is very uneven: there are texts already concluded, others in a very initial phase, and some rejected.

1. Social Security discounts in Ceuta (economic and employment support)

The clearest block of “support for Ceuta” are the bills to restore the traditional regime of employer Social Security contribution discounts in Ceuta and Melilla, eliminated by Royal Decree-Law 1/2023:

• Bill for the recovery of the discount on employer Social Security contributions for businesses in the cities of Ceuta and Melilla, submitted by the Senate (file 124/000005).
  This Senate initiative seeks to reinstate the 50 % discount on employer contributions to Social Security and joint collection concepts for companies in certain sectors operating in Ceuta and Melilla, citing the structural weakness of their economies and the added problems caused by the change in the incentive system in 2023.
  In the Congress, the official record shows it as “Concluded (publication of the approved text)”, following the publication of the approved text. That is, the parliamentary processing of this bill has been completed in the General Courts and the text is closed from a parliamentary point of view.
• Bill for the recovery of the discount on employer Social Security contributions for businesses in the cities of Ceuta and Melilla, presented by the Popular Group in the Congress (file 122/000134).
  It has practically the same objective: to reverse the new discount system established in article 31 of Royal Decree-Law 1/2023 and return to the 50 % discount scheme on employer contributions that was in place since 2004.
  The Board admitted the initiative and agreed to its publication on October 22, 2024; since then it has been in the amendment submission phase, with the deadline successively extended until September 23, 2026 according to the Congress initiative record (file 122/000134).
  This means that the bill is still in a very initial processing phase (pending consideration and possible total debate), coexisting with the similar bill submitted by the Senate whose processing has already been concluded.

2. Management of immigration and migrant minors (direct impact on Ceuta)

Another line of parliamentary support for Ceuta has been proposed from the migratory perspective, especially regarding unaccompanied foreign minors, where Ceuta and the Canary Islands are cited as territories under greater pressure:

• Bill to amend Organic Law 4/2000 on the rights and freedoms of foreigners in Spain and their social integration, jointly presented by the Socialist and Plurinational SUMAR Groups (file 122/000123).
  The statement of reasons highlights the strong impact of migratory flows in the Canary Islands and the city of Ceuta, and proposes better articulation of the transfer and distribution among autonomous communities of unaccompanied migrant minors, strengthening interterritorial cooperation to guarantee their protection and alleviate the burden on border territories.
  In the Congress, this bill was admitted for processing and published on July 17, 2024, but the initiative record indicates that it was rejected on October 5, 2024 and that the processing has been concluded (file 122/000123). It will not continue its legislative course.
• Organic Bill to amend Organic Law 5/2005, on National Defense, from the VOX Parliamentary Group (file 122/000012).
  Although not exclusive to Ceuta, the initiative explicitly links irregular immigration and pressure on the southern border (mentioning Ceuta and Melilla) with national security, and proposes updating the catalog of missions of the Armed Forces so that their intervention in the fight against illegal immigration is clearly covered by the National Defense Law.
  This bill was admitted for processing and published in October 2023; the record places it since December 5, 2023, in a status of “awaiting consideration”, with no total debate in the Plenary yet. Therefore, it remains in processing but at a standstill, awaiting the Board and the Spokespersons' Board to include it on the agenda.

3. Other general regulations with specific effects in Ceuta

Alongside these initiatives expressly focused on Ceuta (and Melilla), in the XV Legislature there are statewide bills that incorporate specific provisions for these territories:

• The Tax Bill on the global minimum complementary tax and other taxes (121/000023), already definitively approved, contains a specific additional provision to respect the fiscal specialities of the Canary Islands, Balearic Islands, and the autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla in determining the tax base of the new complementary tax, impacting investment attraction and employment.
• The MOVES III 2025 Bill (121/000056), in urgent processing and still in the amendment phase (deadline extended until September 23, 2026), foresees that the cities of Ceuta and Melilla, together with the autonomous communities, manage the calls for electric mobility aid, so that they can also channel investment and subsidies to their territory.

In summary, so far in this legislature the main concrete parliamentary progress in support of Ceuta from the Congress has occurred in the area of Social Security discounts, with one bill already concluded and another in a very initial phase, while the proposal to alleviate migratory pressure through mandatory distribution of minors among communities was rejected and the reforms of the National Defense Law related to immigration remain pending a first substantive debate.

The Valencian Business Association (AVE) is a private business association of regional scope, non-profit, governed by the general legislation on associations and by its own internal statutes. In the absence of the complete statutory text in the consulted sources, only its general legal framework and the functions deduced from its recent public activity can be described.

1. General legal framework of its competencies

As a private business association, AVE falls under the general regime of association law and business associations. This framework generally recognizes it:

• Its own legal personality and full capacity to act once registered according to applicable regulations, allowing it to enter into agreements, hold assets, hire personnel, and take legal action in defense of its interests.
• Organizational and statutory autonomy: its specific purposes, governing bodies, decision-making procedures, economic regime, and internal control are established by the statutes approved by its members, always within the limits of basic regulations.
• Power to represent and defend the interests of its members before public administrations and other social and economic actors, in all areas related to business development and the Valencian economy.
• Capacity to participate in consultative bodies and processes when provided by regulations or expressly invited (commissions, dialogue tables, participation bodies), contributing proposals and statements.
• Power to promote initiatives and campaigns of economic, social, or infrastructure nature affecting the business fabric and development of the Valencian Community.

At the same time, current regulations impose basic duties: democratic internal functioning, keeping minimal accounting and accountability to its members, respect for legality, and absence of profit motive in its associative activity.

2. Purposes and functions inferred from its recent activity

Although the literal text of AVE's statutes has not been located in the consulted sources, various news items allow inferring its practical purposes and effective functions:

• Promotion of strategic infrastructures. AVE appears as the promoter of the #QuieroCorredor Movement, defined as a “business and social initiative” that demands the completion of the Mediterranean Corridor, periodically reviews the status of works, and exerts public pressure to meet deadlines. In business meetings cited by the press, its secretary general emphasizes the European relevance of this infrastructure and warns of lost opportunities if it is not completed.
• Participation in the debate on regional financing. Several reports from Demócrata record how the statements of AVE's president on the reform of the regional financing model are taken as a relevant position of Valencian businesspeople, generating reactions from political parties and the Consell itself. This reflects a function of interlocution and influence in economic and fiscal policy debates affecting the Valencian Community.
• Forum for dialogue with political leaders. The institutional agenda of the Government and press reports record working lunches, colloquiums, and events organized by AVE with ministers, regional presidents, or other officials, addressing issues such as infrastructure, investments, or financing. In practice, it acts as a stable platform for relations between major Valencian businesspeople and public officials.
• Articulation of solidarity initiatives and support for the productive fabric. Business press releases describe AVE's collaborations in projects like “Desde Valencia para Valencia,” aimed at helping self-employed workers, merchants, and small entrepreneurs affected by DANA episodes, in coordination with other employers' associations and business foundations. This line fits a function of promoting economic development and supporting companies and self-employed workers in crisis situations.
• Representation of Valencian business interests at supra-regional level. Through campaigns and events in different territories of the Mediterranean arc, AVE projects claims associated with the competitiveness of the Valencian business fabric towards the whole of Spain and before European institutions, especially regarding railway and logistics infrastructures.

3. Summary

In summary, according to the general association regulations and the practice reflected in the consulted sources, AVE is a private business association whose basic competence consists of representing and articulating the interests of a relevant core of Valencian businesspeople. Its material functions are:

• Defense of key infrastructures (especially the Mediterranean Corridor) and favorable conditions for investment.
• Interlocution with governments and parties on regional financing and economic policy matters.
• Organization of forums, colloquiums, and meetings between companies and public officials.
• Promotion of solidarity initiatives and support for the business fabric in crisis contexts.

The exact detail of these purposes and the internal distribution of functions among bodies (assembly, board of directors, presidency, etc.) would be determined by its statutes, which are not literally available in the reviewed sources, but are inserted within this legal and functional framework.

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