A survey gives Iustitia Europa fourth force in Madrid on the 29N, after PP (33.8%), PSOE (22.7%) and Vox (16.4%)

There is not enough information found in the consulted sources to specify the procedures that Iustitia Europa must follow to present a candidacy for Madrid. To avoid giving you unverified requirements, deadlines, or numbers of endorsements, I distinguish below the checks that this candidacy needs; this list is a preparation guide, not a confirmation of the applicable procedure.

1. Specify which candidacy is intended to be presented

The first point to clarify is whether Iustitia Europa intends to run for the Congress, the Senate, or both chambers. It is not advisable to treat it as a single candidacy without checking the differences between their documents, composition, and requirements. The specific electoral call must also be identified, as the calendar to organize all actions must be obtained from it.

2. Verify the legal status of Iustitia Europa

Before preparing the submission, it is necessary to verify the organization's status and who can act on its behalf. The working documentation should allow answering these questions:

• Under what name and acronym does it intend to run?
• Is its status as a political formation authorized to present candidacies accredited?
• Who has the authority to adopt the decision to run and carry out the corresponding actions?
• Will it run separately or through a coalition?

The specific situation of Iustitia Europa and the identity of its representatives have not been verified here. Therefore, it would not be correct to consider these points resolved.

3. Determine if endorsements are needed

This is one of the points that must be resolved before starting a signature collection. It must be checked whether it is required to prove support, what circumstance determines this obligation, and what rules apply to each chamber. Afterwards, the calculation base corresponding to Madrid and the resulting figure must be confirmed.

Equally important is verifying who can sign, how their status is accredited, what model must be used, and how the endorsements are authenticated. Without this verification, a signature collection might not be valid for the submission. No verified number of endorsements has been obtained for this candidacy.

4. Prepare candidates and documentation

The preparation should include a review of the conditions to be a candidate and possible incompatibilities or causes of ineligibility. The applicable composition rules, the number of people who must appear, and the treatment of substitutes must also be verified.

As a documentary checklist, it is advisable to inquire about the presentation letter, the acceptances of the candidates, the required declarations, identification documents, and the accreditation of those acting on behalf of the formation. This enumeration does not replace official forms nor confirms that all these documents are required under the same terms.

5. Finalize the calendar and review the submission

The working file should record, with official backing, the body before which it is submitted, the accepted channel, and the deadlines. It should also clarify how possible defects are communicated, what possibilities exist to correct them, and how the decision about the candidacy is known.

The practical priority is to obtain an official response on four issues: the status of Iustitia Europa, candidacy for the Congress or the Senate, the need and validation of endorsements, and the submission calendar. Until these checks are available, it would not be responsible to provide you with a deadline, a number of signatures, or a closed list of documents as if they were confirmed.

The Congress of Deputies is the central chamber of the Spanish parliamentary system. Although the Cortes Generales are bicameral (Congress and Senate), the Constitution grants the Congress a clearly predominant position: it decides the investiture of the President of the Government, can bring down the Executive through a motion of censure, and has the final say in most laws. Its powers are grouped into four major blocks: legislative, government oversight, budgetary, and other relevant constitutional functions.

1. Legislative function

The Congress participates in the drafting of laws together with the Senate, but with clear preeminence:

• Legislative initiative: it can register and process government bills and private members' bills presented by parliamentary groups, by at least fifteen deputies, or by other institutions with the right of initiative (such as autonomous assemblies).
• Debate and amendment: initiatives are debated in plenary and in committees; deputies can present total amendments (return or alternative text) and partial amendments to modify specific articles.
• Approval of laws: the Congress approves the text and sends it to the Senate. If the Senate introduces changes or vetoes the text, the Congress can override the veto or reject the amendments by absolute majority, or by simple majority after a certain period, imposing its final version.
• Decree-laws: it controls the use of this figure by the Government, as it must validate or repeal decree-laws within a very short period. It can also decide to process them later as ordinary bills, opening the door to amendments.
• Organic laws and constitutional reforms: it intervenes in the approval of organic laws (which require an absolute majority in a final vote on the whole) and in constitutional reform procedures, in coordination with the Senate.

2. Political control function over the Government

In a parliamentary system, the political responsibility of the Government is articulated mainly before the Congress:

• Investiture of the President of the Government: the candidate proposed by the Crown must obtain the confidence of the Chamber in the Congress. Without that majority, there is no possible government.
• Motion of censure: the Congress can force the Government to resign by approving a constructive motion of censure, which includes an alternative candidate for the presidency. If it succeeds, the censuring candidate becomes president.
• Vote of confidence: the President of the Government can voluntarily submit to the Congress to verify if he maintains support; if lost, he must resign.
• Ordinary control: exercised through control sessions, oral and written questions, interpellations, appearances of ministers and senior officials, investigative commissions, or requests for documentation. All this allows oversight of the Executive's actions and the application of laws.

3. Budgetary and financial function

The Congress also occupies a central position in budgetary matters:

• Approval of the General State Budgets: the project is prepared by the Government, but the Congress examines, amends, and approves it in the first instance. The Senate can propose amendments or a veto, but the Congress can confirm its own criteria.
• Control of budget execution: through debates on budgetary stability, debt, deficit, reports from the Court of Auditors, and appearances of economic officials.
• Tax and financial regulations: it participates in the approval of tax laws (taxes, fees, levies) and the major rules of public spending and debt.

4. Other constitutional powers

Additionally, the Congress exercises other relevant functions:

• Relations with the Crown: it intervenes in acts such as the proclamation of the king or queen, authorization of abdication, or appointment of regents, always within the constitutional framework and together with the Senate.
• States of alarm, exception, and siege: it controls and, if applicable, authorizes or extends the Government's decisions in serious crisis situations.
• Foreign policy and defense: it participates, along with the Senate, in authorizing certain international treaties and decisions on the use of the Armed Forces abroad, as well as debating the general orientation of foreign policy.
• Constitutional and institutionally relevant bodies: it elects or proposes, sometimes jointly with the Senate, members of the Constitutional Court, the General Council of the Judiciary, the Court of Auditors, the Ombudsman, and other regulatory and oversight entities.
• Political representation and articulation of pluralism: through its 350 deputies, distributed in parliamentary groups, the Congress channels Spain's political and territorial pluralism, serving as the central forum for public debate and normative production.

Overall, these powers make the Congress of Deputies the core of state political life: confidence in the Government, approval of key laws, and the general orientation of major public policies ultimately depend on the majorities built in this Chamber.

If you are referring to the elections to the Congress of Deputies, to obtain representation for Madrid a candidacy must be validly submitted and proclaimed, reach at least 3% of the valid votes cast in the province, and secure a seat through the D’Hondt allocation. Surpassing that percentage allows participation in the allocation, but does not guarantee by itself obtaining a deputy.

The main reference is the Organic Law of the General Electoral Regime —LOREG—, especially articles 161 to 169. These rules correspond to the Congress: they should not be automatically applied to elections to the Assembly of Madrid or the Senate.

1. Submit a candidacy and obtain its proclamation

Article 161 establishes that each province constitutes an electoral constituency. Therefore, the relevant votes to obtain deputies for Madrid are those cast in that province, not the party's national result.

The candidacy must be submitted as a list before the Provincial Electoral Board, which is the competent body for its submission and proclamation, according to article 169. Submitted and proclaimed candidacies are published in the BOE. The seats obtained are assigned to the people included in the list following their order of placement.

Additionally, article 168 requires the designation of electoral representatives: the party's general representative is designated before the Central Electoral Board before the ninth day after the call; the candidacies' representatives before the eleventh. The latter must accept their designation before the Provincial Board before submitting the candidacy.

2. Provide endorsements when mandatory

Not all parties need to collect signatures. According to article 169.3:

• Parties, federations, or coalitions without representation in either Chamber in the previous election need signatures from at least 0.1% of the registered voters in the Madrid census to present their candidacy there.
• Elector groupings, which are a different route from parties, need signatures from at least 1% of the constituency census.
• No voter can provide their signature to more than one candidacy.

These percentages are calculated over the electoral census, not over those who finally vote. They are requirements to run, distinct from the percentage of votes needed to enter the allocation.

3. Reach 3% of valid votes

Article 163.1.a excludes from the allocation candidacies that do not obtain "at least 3 percent of the valid votes cast in the constituency." Reaching exactly 3% does allow participation.

To calculate it, votes for candidacies and blank votes are summed. Null votes and abstentions are not part of that total. For example, with 3,000,000 valid votes, a candidacy would need at least 90,000 votes to surpass the legal threshold.

4. Obtain a sufficient quotient in the allocation

Then D’Hondt is applied: the votes of each admitted candidacy are successively divided by 1, 2, 3, and so on up to the number of Madrid seats. Deputies are assigned to the highest quotients, in descending order. The number of seats in the province is set by the decree of each call according to article 162.

Therefore, there is no fixed number of votes that guarantees representation: it depends on the valid votes, their distribution among candidacies, and the available seats. If two quotients tie, preference is given to the candidacy with more total votes; if they also coincide, the first tie is resolved by lottery and subsequent ties alternately.