Feijóo safeguards pensions in the campaign and promises to revalue them with the CPI if he reaches Moncloa after the 29N.

According to the official information available as of October 13, 2026, the “proposal to revalue pensions according to the CPI” is materially channeled through Royal Decree-Law 3/2026, of February 3, for the revaluation of public pensions and other urgent measures in Social Security matters, which the Congress has already ratified and decided to process as a bill. That is, the increase linked to the CPI is in force and, at the same time, the text continues its ordinary parliamentary processing.

1. Key initiative: Royal Decree-Law 3/2026 and its bill

The core of the revaluation according to the CPI is Royal Decree-Law 3/2026, whose purpose is the revaluation of pensions and other public benefits for 2026 at a percentage equivalent to the average of the CPI of the previous twelve months, resulting in a 2.7 %.

• Ratification: The Plenary of the Congress ratified the decree on February 26, 2026, ensuring the validity of the increase.
• Conversion into a bill: In that same session, the Congress agreed to process it as a bill by urgent procedure.
• Files: In the parliamentary processing it appears as:
  • 130/000034 in its decree-law phase.
  • 121/000086 as the resulting bill.
• Current phase: The bill is being processed in the Congress, with the deadline for submitting amendments extended until October 7, 2026. That is, it is in the amendment phase in committee, with full legislative competence.

In practical terms, this means that the revaluation already operates legally (by the ratified decree-law) and, at the same time, Parliament can introduce adjustments through amendments during the bill's processing.

2. Content of the revaluation linked to the CPI

The approved scheme for 2026, as derived from the decree-law and its subsequent developments, is as follows:

• Contributory Social Security and Civil Service pensions: general increase of 2.7 %, calculated with the average interannual CPI of the twelve months prior to December 2025.
• Minimum, non-contributory pensions and IMV: increases above the CPI (around 7 % for many minimum pensions and 11.4 % in the case of several non-contributory pensions and the Minimum Living Income), in line with the goal of improving the lowest amounts.
• Maximum pension and maximum contribution bases: also updated taking into account the CPI and the additional coefficients provided in the pension reform.

All this responds to the general framework set by the 2021 reform, which links the annual update of pensions to the evolution of the consumer price index to maintain purchasing power.

3. Other related parliamentary initiatives

Besides the decree-law and its bill, there have been other parliamentary initiatives that pursued, more or less directly, the same objective of guaranteeing revaluation according to the CPI:

• Popular Group's Bill in the Congress to guarantee the purchasing power of public pensions (file 122/000235): it was admitted for processing in December 2025 and awaited the debate for consideration. Its purpose was to safeguard the update according to the CPI, especially in a budget extension situation.
• Junts per Catalunya Group's Bill to guarantee the purchasing power of public pensions (file 122/000252): it also established a 2.7 % revaluation for 2026, linked to the CPI and with territorial adjustments for cost of living. However, this initiative was withdrawn on March 20, 2026, so it is no longer in processing.
• Initiatives in the Senate, such as the Popular Group's proposal (622/000091), have also urged the Government to guarantee the purchasing power of pensions, although their effective normative weight is subordinate to the decree-law and the Congress bill.

4. Summary of the parliamentary status

In summary, the “proposal to revalue pensions according to the CPI” is currently in this situation:

• The revaluation is already approved and in force for 2026 through Royal Decree-Law 3/2026, ratified by the Congress.
• That same norm is being processed as a bill (121/000086), currently in the amendment phase in committee, after successive deadline extensions.
• Other bills that sought to ensure revaluation according to the CPI (from PP and Junts) have remained, at best, in a very initial phase, and in the case of Junts, withdrawn.

Therefore, the main parliamentary vehicle is alive in the Congress as a bill, but the substantive right to revaluation according to the CPI is already applied to the 2026 pensions.

The Prime Minister is the central figure of the executive power in Spain. The 1978 Constitution defines his powers and functions mainly in articles 97, 98, 99, 112 to 115 and, by reference, in part of article 62 (which lists functions of the King exercised “at the proposal” or with the intervention of the Prime Minister). From these, his institutional role can be outlined quite precisely.

1. Direction of policy and Government (art. 97 CE)

The core function of the Prime Minister is to direct the Government's action and coordinate that of the other members of the Executive. This mainly involves:

• Setting the major orientations of domestic and foreign policy, economic, social, and security.
• Coordinating the work of the ministers, resolving conflicts between departments and setting priorities.
• Ensuring the unity of the government line, so that the Government acts as a collegiate body with a coherent position before the Cortes Generales and public opinion.

The Government as a whole exercises executive function and regulatory power, but political leadership and cohesion of that body rest with the Prime Minister.

2. Appointment and dismissal: relationship with the King and the Cortes (arts. 99 and 114 CE)

The Prime Minister's powers are closely linked to the parliamentary principle: the Prime Minister must have the confidence of the Congress of Deputies.

• Investiture (art. 99): he is proposed by the King, after consultations with political groups, and needs the confidence of the Congress through an investiture vote.
• Appointment and dismissal of ministers (art. 100 and art. 62, letter i)): the King appoints and removes ministers at the Prime Minister's proposal. In practice, the Government's composition is the Prime Minister's political decision.
• Government dismissal (art. 101): the Government ceases when it resigns or loses the Congress's confidence; the Prime Minister is the center of that confidence relationship.

These rules reflect that presidential power is democratically conditioned by the parliamentary majority that supports it.

3. Political responsibility before the Congress (arts. 108, 112–114 CE)

The Constitution articulates several political responsibility mechanisms centered on the Prime Minister:

• Joint responsibility of the Government before the Congress (art. 108): the Government answers as a whole, but the Prime Minister is its main political responsible.
• Vote of confidence (art. 112): the Prime Minister can submit a vote of confidence to the Congress on his program or a general policy declaration. If lost, he must resign.
• Motion of censure (art. 113): the Congress can demand the Government's responsibility through a motion of censure that must be constructive, i.e., proposing an alternative candidate for the premiership.
• Obligation to resign (art. 114): if a vote of confidence is rejected or a motion of censure is approved, the Prime Minister and his Government must cease.

These instruments ensure that the exercise of the Prime Minister's powers is constantly subject to parliamentary control.

4. Dissolution of Chambers and calling elections (art. 115 CE)

One of the most relevant powers of the Prime Minister is his intervention in the electoral cycle:

• The Prime Minister can propose to the King the dissolution of the Congress, the Senate, or the Cortes Generales, which leads to the calling of general elections.
• This power has temporal and material limits: it cannot be exercised while a motion of censure is pending nor before one year has passed since a previous dissolution.

Although formally the dissolution is agreed by the King, the initiative and political decision correspond to the Prime Minister.

5. Functions in relation to the King and other constitutional bodies

Several of the King's functions are exercised “at the proposal” of the Prime Minister or with his countersignature, which in practice gives the Prime Minister a key position:

• Proposal of appointments (art. 62): magistrates of the Constitutional Court, members of other bodies, senior officials, etc., are designated at the initiative or with the intervention of the Prime Minister and his Government.
• Countersignature of the King's acts (art. 64): the Prime Minister (or the competent ministers) countersigns the King's acts, assuming political responsibility for them.
• Participation in exceptional situations: in states of alarm, exception, and siege (arts. 116 and legal development), the Government —led by the Prime Minister— proposes their declaration and manages their effects, always under parliamentary control.

6. Representation and general political direction

Although the Constitution does not list exhaustively, it can be inferred from its provisions that the Prime Minister:

• Politically represents the Government before the Cortes Generales and vis-à-vis other State powers.
• Leads the Executive's foreign action, in coordination with the King as Head of State and the Minister of Foreign Affairs.
• Is the main figure of political direction of the country, being the link between the parliamentary majority and the Government's action.

In summary, according to the Constitution, the Prime Minister concentrates the direction of general policy, coordination of the Executive, initiative in the formation and dismissal of the Government, a decisive role in the dissolution of the Cortes, and constant political responsibility before the Congress of Deputies.

A new state Land Law must simultaneously meet requirements of competence, form, procedure, and material limits to be valid and applicable. It is not just about obtaining a majority in the Congress, but about respecting the constitutional distribution of competences and the Constitutional Court (TC) jurisprudence.

1. Distribution of competences between State and Autonomous Communities

The Constitution distinguishes between:

• Autonomous competence in land planning, urbanism, and housing: art. 148.1.3 CE allows Autonomous Communities to assume these matters, and in fact almost all have done so in their Statutes. “Detailed” urban planning laws are basically autonomous.
• State competences that serve as a basis for a Land Law, especially:
  • Art. 149.1.1 CE: basic conditions that guarantee equality of all Spaniards in the exercise of rights and duties (for example, minimum content of land property rights).
  • Art. 149.1.8 CE: civil legislation (property regime, valuations, expropriation).
  • Art. 149.1.18 CE: bases of the legal regime of public administrations and common administrative procedure (enabling titles, licenses, etc.).

The TC jurisprudence on various land laws has established an essential rule: the State can enact “bases” and basic conditions (general framework of land property, valuations, rights and duties of owners, principles of urban action), but cannot regulate detailed urbanism nor empty the autonomous competence of content.

2. Normative instrument and type of law

The state Land Law is an ordinary law with basic character (not an organic law), which:

• Defines the state bases applicable throughout the territory.
• Leaves to the Autonomous Communities the legislative development and urban execution.
• Can be a new law or a partial reform of the existing legislation, through another ordinary law.

3. Who can propose it (legislative initiative)

According to the Constitution (arts. 87 and 88) and parliamentary regulations, a new Land Law can be initiated by:

• The Government, through a bill (the most common route for complex base laws).
• The Congress, through bills from parliamentary groups or 15 deputies.
• The Senate, through bills.
• The autonomous legislative assemblies, sending bills to the Cortes.

The Government can oppose the processing of a bill if it implies increased expenditure or reduced State income (art. 134.6 CE).

4. Parliamentary processing and majorities

The procedure is the general one for an ordinary law:

• Admission for processing and publication in the Congress or Senate Bulletin after the Board's decision.
• Debate on the entirety in the Plenary (with the possibility of total amendments with alternative text).
• Amendments to the articles, work in Committee and approval of a report.
• Plenary of the Congress (origin chamber) that debates and votes the report and live amendments.
• Referral to the Senate, which can approve, amend, or veto the text.

If the Senate vetoes the bill, the Congress can override the veto:

• By absolute majority in the first vote; or
• By simple majority (more yes than no votes) once two months have passed.

The final approval of the ordinary law requires a simple majority in the decisive vote in the Congress. Then, the sanction and promulgation by the King and publication in the BOE occur; the law comes into force on the date provided or, by default, after 20 days.

5. Material limits and constitutional control

Besides respecting the distribution of competences, a Land Law must:

• Respect the right to property and its social function (art. 33 CE), avoiding deprivation without justified cause or compensation when appropriate.
• Guarantee basic equality in access and exercise of rights (arts. 14 and 149.1.1 CE), without arbitrary discrimination between territories or groups.
• Integrate the mandates of environmental protection (art. 45 CE) and the objective of making effective the right to decent housing (art. 47 CE), as well as respect for local autonomy (arts. 137 and 140 CE).
• Respect general principles: legal certainty, non-retroactivity of unfavorable provisions, reservation of law to limit rights, etc. (art. 9.3 CE).

Once approved and in force, the law can be subject to constitutional challenge before the Constitutional Court by the legitimized subjects (Government, 50 deputies or 50 senators, executive bodies and assemblies of the Autonomous Communities). The TC can annul provisions that exceed state competences or violate constitutional rights and principles.