The duties of European youth for Von der Leyen

Security and defense, competitiveness against China, the green transition, housing, and employment are the focus of the demands of a new generation of Europeans who are asking Von der Leyen for concrete answers to the great challenges that will shape the future of the Union.

ILUSTRACIONES (1200 x 675 px) (1200 x 675 px) (1)

ILUSTRACIONES (1200 x 675 px) (1200 x 675 px) (1)

Add DEMÓCRATA to Google

Ask FREN

Published

6 minutes

Most read

España vota · Congreso y Senado

Elecciones generales 29 de noviembre de 2026

Se eligen 350 diputados y los senadores de elección directa. Encuestas, calendario, candidaturas, programas y todo lo que necesitas saber para votar.

Faltan 43 días y 17 horas para que abran los colegios electorales.Hasta que abran los colegios, el domingo 29 a las 09:00 (hora peninsular).
Entra en el especial

Próximas fechas

  1. HoyÚltimo día para comunicar coaliciones electoralesFecha prevista
  2. Presentación de candidaturas al Congreso y al Senado21–26 oct · Fecha prevista
  3. Voto desde el extranjero (CERA): envío de la documentación24–30 oct · Fecha prevista
  4. Publicación de las candidaturas presentadasFecha prevista
Calendario completo

In two weeks, the president of the European Commission, Ursula von der Leyen, faces one of the dates marked on all calendars in Brussels. The community executive has been announcing for days through all its channels, even with posters installed in its buildings, the countdown to the moment when the leader will take the floor. It will be before the Plenary of the European Parliament, in the known as State of the Union debate, which in the world of Brussels abbreviations has been baptized as SOTEU.

It is a key date, as the president will lay the foundations for what will be the action of the community executive during the last political course of the legislature. Therefore, in the days leading up to it, discussions about which issues will be addressed and which will be left out of the speech flood a good part of the conversations and European front pages. In fact, the College of Commissioners held an informal retreat last Friday in which the heads of the different portfolios conveyed to the president their main concerns and priorities.

Everything seems to indicate that, throughout the more than two hours that the debate is expected to last, issues such as strengthening borders in the face of migration crises like that of Ceuta, the European response to wildfires, or the much-announced ban on minors' access to social networks will be addressed. These issues are joined by other files that have been occupying the community agenda for months, such as European security and defense, industrial competitiveness, the energy transition, or the need to reduce certain strategic dependencies on third countries.

EP Plenary session - State of the European Union - #SOTEU2025
EP Plenary session - State of the European Union - #SOTEU2025 -

An agenda that also looks to the next generation

However, those who know the community framework firsthand warn that up until the last hours before Von der Leyen addresses the podium, there is room to introduce modifications. The speech will not only be a declaration of political intentions but also a signal about which legislative and regulatory files will concentrate the Commission's efforts in the coming months.

There is a youth that, like journalists, lobbyists, consultants, and officials, also awaits with expectation the words of the German leader. They are aware that they will have to take charge during the next decade of the decisions that are now agreed upon in Brussels. The policies designed in terms of competitiveness, housing, employment, energy transition, digitalization, or defense will have a direct impact on a generation that is now beginning to fully enter the labor market and assume economic and social responsibilities. For this reason, Demócrata wanted to take the pulse of a group of young European professionals who, during the last week of summer, gathered at the "European Summer Courses," organized by Equipo Europa, to try to respond to each of the problems facing the European Union.

Conference of Presidents with Ursula Von Der Leyen, EC President, ahead of SOTEU25
Conference of Presidents with Ursula Von Der Leyen, EC President, ahead of SOTEU25 -

The young María Vallejo is one of the people who was behind the organization of the event, which brought together nearly three hundred young people around the table of challenges that will likely be addressed in the German leader's speech. "Everything points to it being about security and defense, that is what marks the agenda right now. However, I believe she will bet on a broader concept of European resilience," she comments, alluding to the fact that it is "something that particularly interests us young people, because we are the generation that will have to sustain those decisions."

The reference to European resilience is not minor. In recent years, the Union has progressively expanded the concept of security, moving from a vision primarily focused on territorial defense to one that also incorporates supply chains, energy, critical infrastructure, cybersecurity, technology, or industrial capacity. For young Europeans, this transformation poses an additional question: how to finance and sustain this new model without transferring all its costs to the generations that are now beginning their professional journey.

Competitiveness without abandoning the green transition

Your generation also focuses on achieving a balance between "innovation and investment without giving up our climate goals". "The economic dependence on China and the future of the Green Deal could be among the main topics of your speech. It is one of the great challenges of the moment," adds Santiago Slullitel, another of the young people who is part of the organization.

The dilemma they point to connects directly with one of the main regulatory discussions facing Brussels. The Commission must ensure that the climate transition continues to advance while responding to the pressure from the European industry to reduce costs, facilitate investments, and compete with economies like the United States or China. Competitiveness and decarbonization have thus become two objectives that, far from being addressed separately, must coexist in a large part of the decisions made by the community Executive in the coming years.

Ribera y Sejourné (European comission)
Ribera y Sejourné (European comission) -

Vallejo expects a response from the Commission during the speech about "how it plans to make Europe an attractive destination for investment". In his opinion, the "opinion that others have of Europe is not always favorable," referring to the negative result of the last referendum on Iceland's accession to the EU. "The challenge is to respond to all this without neglecting the European values that shape our identity and who we are," he asserts. A reflection that places another of the underlying debates for the next political course: how to strengthen European strategic autonomy without the Union abandoning the framework of values on which it has built its political and economic project.

Values, solidarity, and a more cohesive Union

Regarding the values that have characterized the history of Europe, another of the attendees at the forum, Mario Sans, also pays attention. "I hope that Von der Leyen knows how to articulate a speech aligned with the fundamental values that built Europe, from the institutional respect for human rights," he explains. In addition, he points to the Parliamentary Groups, asking them to reflect on "the lack of solidarity that the member states showed with the Spanish Administration during the Ceuta crisis". "It has portrayed us before the international community as a weak and fragmented Union, which only benefits our detractors," he summarizes.

Ceuta will serve to open up the issues that will likely have the most weight on the European agenda in the coming months. Brussels must devise how to respond in a coordinated manner to crises that directly affect its external borders. Migration management, border protection, and solidarity mechanisms among member states will be some of the issues that will confront the deployment of the Migration and Asylum Pact.

For these young people, the discussion cannot be limited to the security dimension. The European response must be accompanied by territorial cohesion, economic capacity, and a common policy that allows member states to face crises without the response depending exclusively on their national capacities.

Housing and employment, the other major front

All of them also expect the Executive to delve into "housing strategies for young people". A problem that, as they point out, "affects a large part of the countries on the continent." Measures such as the Next Generation EU funds have partially alleviated the consequences of crises that continue to hit their pockets and, ultimately, their generations.

Housing has thus become one of the main concerns of a generation that, despite having higher levels of education and mobility than previous ones, finds it difficult to access housing and establish a stable economic trajectory. The problem affects different member states unevenly, but shares common elements: the increase in prices, the scarcity of supply, the pressure on urban markets, and the difficulty of reconciling access to housing with the early years of entering the labor market.

The new measures they demand consider that they should be accompanied by "employment and economic reactivation plans that include decent wages in the eurozone", so that sufficient economic autonomy is guaranteed "to also contribute to the development of our countries."

Ultimately, the message that these young people convey to Von der Leyen combines a large part of the major debates that will define the next community course: security, defense, competitiveness, climate transition, housing, employment, migration, investment, and European values.

The SOTEU will go beyond a standard institutional speech. It will be the opportunity for the president of the Commission to set priorities, mark the political calendar, and anticipate which files will concentrate Brussels' regulatory capacity in the coming months. For those who are now beginning to build their future in Europe, it will also be a first response to a much broader question: what European Union will they receive when it is their turn to take over.

More key points, information and questions with FREN

AI-GENERATED CONTENT

What is the legislative process for proposals presented by the European Commission during the SOTEU to become binding legislation?

The proposals that the European Commission announces during the State of the Union (SOTEU) speech do not automatically become binding law. The SOTEU is, above all, a political moment: the Commission President sets priorities and previews legislative initiatives that must then follow the EU legislative procedure, mainly the ordinary legislative procedure.

1. From political idea to formal proposal

After the SOTEU, the announced commitments are concretized in the Commission's Work Programme for the following year. Each initiative goes through:

  • Internal planning: definition of objectives, legal basis in the Treaties, and type of instrument (regulation, directive, decision, etc.).
  • Impact assessment: economic, social, environmental analysis and, if applicable, impact on SMEs, competition, administrative burdens, etc.
  • Public consultations: the Commission usually opens online consultations and gathers input from Member States, companies, NGOs, experts, and citizens.
  • Collegial approval: the College of Commissioners formally adopts the legislative proposal.

Only when the Commission adopts the proposal in legal form (for example, “Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on…”) does the legislative process properly begin.

2. Start of the ordinary legislative procedure

In most areas, the proposal follows the ordinary legislative procedure (co-decision), in which:

  • The Commission has the almost exclusive right of initiative.
  • The European Parliament and the Council of the EU act as co-legislators on an equal footing.

Upon registration, the proposal is simultaneously transmitted to Parliament and the Council. Each institution begins its own internal processing.

3. Processing in the European Parliament

In Parliament, the Bureau assigns the proposal to a competent parliamentary committee (e.g., Environment, Internal Market, Transport). There:

  • A rapporteur is appointed, who drafts a report with amendments.
  • Political groups and MEPs can submit additional amendments.
  • The committee votes on the report; if approved, it becomes the Parliament's position in first reading.
  • Then it is voted in Plenary, where further changes can still be made.

This position is sent to the Council. In parallel, informal trilogues (meetings between Parliament, Council, and Commission) may already take place to bring positions closer.

4. Processing in the Council of the EU

In the Council, the proposal is first analyzed in:

  • Working groups of officials from Member States.
  • The COREPER (Committee of Permanent Representatives), which prepares ministerial decisions.

Finally, the proposal is elevated to the Council in the relevant ministerial formation (ECOFIN, Environment, etc.), which sets its “general approach” or position. The Council usually decides by qualified majority, except in areas requiring unanimity.

5. Negotiation, agreements, and possible successive readings

The goal is to reach a first-reading agreement between Parliament and Council:

  • If the Council accepts Parliament's position, the act is adopted directly.
  • If the Council modifies the proposal, it sends its position back to Parliament, which can accept it, amend it again (second reading), or reject it.
  • If disagreement persists after the second reading, a Conciliation Committee is convened to reach a common text.

When Parliament and Council agree on the same text, the legislation is formally adopted.

6. Publication and entry into force

The adopted legislative act is signed by the Presidents of Parliament and the Council and published in the Official Journal of the European Union. From there:

  • A regulation is directly applicable and binding in all Member States upon entry into force.
  • A directive obliges Member States to the result but requires transposition into national law within a set deadline.
  • A decision is binding for its specific addressees.

Only at this point does the initiative announced in the SOTEU become binding legislation in the EU. The political announcement is the start; the legislative procedure, with its phases and institutional balances, gives it legal force.

What specific powers does the President of the European Commission have according to the EU Treaties?

The President of the European Commission is, according to the EU Treaties (especially the Treaty on European Union, TEU, and the Treaty on the Functioning of the EU, TFEU), the figure who leads the community executive power. Her powers combine political functions, internal direction of the Commission, and external representation. She is not simply a “primus inter pares” but a genuine political head of the institution.

1. Election and political legitimacy

The TEU establishes that the European Council proposes the person who will chair the Commission “taking into account” the results of the European Parliament elections and after appropriate consultations. Subsequently, the European Parliament elects the President by majority. This dual intervention (States and Parliament) confers:

  • Indirect democratic legitimacy of origin, as it is linked to the European electoral outcome.
  • Political responsibility before Parliament, which can force the entire Commission to resign through a motion of censure.

2. Political leadership of the Commission

The TEU indicates that the Commission “promotes the general interest of the Union” and ensures the application of the Treaties. Within that mission, the President has several key powers:

  • Set the general political guidelines of the Commission. This includes defining legislative priorities, major initiatives (e.g., pacts or long-term strategies), and the annual work programme.
  • Organize and coordinate the work of the College of Commissioners, ensuring coherence among sectoral policies (climate, competition, economy, digital, etc.) and resolving competence conflicts between portfolios.
  • Drive and supervise the preparation of legislative and strategic initiatives, deciding which proposals go to the College and when, although the formal initiative always lies with the Commission as a collegiate body.

3. Internal composition of the Commission

One of the most visible and legal powers of the President concerns the internal structure of the institution:

  • Distribute portfolios and functions among Commissioners: assigns responsibilities (e.g., Commissioner for Economy, Energy, Home Affairs) and can readjust them during the mandate.
  • Appoint and dismiss vice-presidencies, including the Executive Vice-President when there is one, and establish who coordinates which policy areas.
  • Request the resignation of an individual Commissioner when serious reasons arise. This power is expressly provided for in the Treaties and reinforces her internal authority.
  • Establish the internal rules of procedure of the Commission, which the College then adopts; in practice, the President drives its content and reforms.

4. Representation and interinstitutional relations

The Treaties assign the Commission the role of “guardian of the Treaties” and representative of the general interest. Within this framework, the President:

  • Represents the Commission in the European Council, the Council, and the European Parliament, regularly intervening before these institutions to present priorities, assessments, and proposals.
  • Leads the political dialogue with the European Parliament, particularly in debates on the state of the Union, motions of censure, approval of the work programme, or crisis resolution.
  • Is one of the main voices of the EU externally, alongside the President of the European Council and the High Representative for Foreign Affairs. Although foreign policy formally falls to the latter figures, the Commission President has a central role in areas such as trade, climate, competition, and economic regulation.

5. Guardian of the Treaties and the general interest

Although the formal responsibility as “guardian of the Treaties” lies with the Commission as a whole, the President politically guides how this function is exercised:

  • Promote infringement procedures against Member States that violate EU law, deciding the political and strategic priority of these actions.
  • Prioritize the implementation of certain policies (e.g., ecological transition, digitalization, or rule of law), guiding services to focus resources in these areas.
  • Define the institutional position of the Commission in legislative negotiations with the Council and Parliament, marking red lines and compromise margins.

6. Nature of her power

In summary, the Treaties confer on the President of the European Commission a power of:

  • Political leadership (sets priorities, drives the agenda).
  • Internal organization (distributes portfolios, appoints vice-presidents, can request resignations).
  • Institutional representation both internally in the EU and externally.
  • Promotion and guardianship of the European general interest, through the role of guardian of the Treaties.

All this, however, is always exercised within the collegiate framework of the Commission, which formally decides by majority, and under the political control of the European Parliament and the influence of the European Council.

What were the results of the latest European Parliament elections and which political groups currently dominate the chamber?

The latest European Parliament elections were held between June 6 and 9, 2024, in the 27 EU Member States, to elect the 720 MEPs for the 2024‑2029 legislature. The results confirmed a shift to the right in many countries, while maintaining a broad majority of clearly pro-European forces in the chamber.

General results by major political families

Across the entire Union, information gathered by various specialized media and by the European Parliament itself shows that the new seat distribution by political groups was approximately as follows (taking as reference the analysis from Consalud.es):

  • European People's Party (EPP, center-right): 186 seats, compared to 182 in the previous legislature. It is the largest group in the Eurochamber.
  • Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats (S&D, social democrats): 133 seats.
  • Renew Europe (RE, liberals): 82 seats, with a significant loss compared to the previous mandate.
  • European Conservatives and Reformists (ECR, conservative Eurosceptic right): 70 seats.
  • Identity and Democracy (ID, far-right national-populist): 60 seats.
  • Greens/European Free Alliance (Greens/EFA): 53 seats, one of the groups that declines the most in the new legislature.
  • The Left: 36 seats.

The sum of the three main traditional pro-European groups — EPP, S&D, and Renew Europe — stands at around 401 seats out of 720, above the absolute majority (361). This allows revalidating a broad centrist coalition for the ordinary governance of Parliament and for the election of the European Commission.

The EPP, with 186 MEPs, consolidates its status as the largest group in the chamber and, according to the same source, opens the door to a new mandate for Ursula von der Leyen at the head of the Commission, provided she manages to articulate again a pact with social democrats and liberals that reaches the necessary majority.

The case of Spain within the European Parliament

In Spain, the June 9, 2024 elections were called by Royal Decree 363/2024, of April 9, and the official result is recorded in the Agreement of the Central Electoral Board of June 27, 2024, where the votes and seats of each candidacy are published. Spain elected 61 MEPs.

Based on that resolution and the journalistic summaries consulted (Gaceta Médica and Diariofarma), the approximate seat distribution by Spanish list was as follows:

  • People's Party (PP): 22 seats.
  • Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE): 20 seats.
  • Vox: 6 seats.
  • Ahora Repúblicas (coalition ERC–EH Bildu–BNG–Ara Més): 3 seats.
  • Sumar: 3 seats.
  • Se Acabó La Fiesta: 3 seats.
  • Podemos: 2 seats.
  • Junts: 1 seat.
  • Coalition for a United Europe (CEUS): 1 seat.

These delegations integrate into the different European groups: the PP joins the EPP; the PSOE to S&D; Vox to ECR; Sumar and Podemos are placed in the left or nearby spaces; and nationalist and regionalist candidacies are distributed among Greens/EFA or other groups, depending on agreements reached in Brussels and Strasbourg.

Which groups dominate the Eurochamber today?

With the available data, the group that clearly dominates the chamber is the European People's Party, both by number of seats and by its central role in any viable majority. However, its strength alone is not sufficient and it still needs the support of other benches.

The real axis of power in the European Parliament continues to be a broad pro-European majority articulated, at least, by:

  • The EPP (center-right),
  • the Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats,
  • and, in many key votes, Renew Europe.

These three groups, which already supported the legislative agenda in the previous mandate, retain more than half of the seats and continue to set the general orientation of the EU in areas such as the internal market, ecological transition, digital policy, or response to international crises.

At the same time, the advance of radical right and far-right formations translates into an increase in the weight of ECR and ID, which together sum about 130 seats. However, they remain far from being able to articulate an alternative majority on their own and depend on possible alliances with the EPP in specific votes.

In summary: after the 2024 European elections, the European Parliament shifts to the right, but the pro-European center — led by the EPP and accompanied by socialists and liberals — continues to dominate the chamber and influence the election of the Commission and the Union's legislative agenda.

Play

Test your knowledge with FREN!

How much do you know about this topic? Answer the following 3 questions.

Before which body will Ursula von der Leyen present the State of the Union address?

Question 1 of 3

What is one of the main concerns of young Europeans regarding the policies to be debated in the SOTEU?

Question 2 of 3

What balance do young Europeans seek in relation to industrial competitiveness?

Question 3 of 3